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Co-authored-by: Florian Méloux <CLERC-IO@users.noreply.huggingface.co>

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BENCHMARK.md ADDED
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1
+ # Épée v0.4 · Signer-Robustness Benchmark
2
+
3
+ **What it shows:** signer variation is the core problem in sign-language AI, and the fix is
4
+ *more signers and more data*, not a bigger model. Re-measured on the eight v0.4 signers with the
5
+ v0.2 / v0.3 protocol, **with one deliberate change: hand slots are now consistent in train and
6
+ test.**
7
+
8
+ The model is trained on release signers and tested on **two native Deaf signers with no clips in
9
+ this release** (Signer A and Signer B, pseudonymized, from the broader CLERC corpus). They recorded
10
+ under the same protocol and share prompts with the grid signers: same content, brand-new body,
11
+ the controlled comparison a signer-generalization test needs. No clip is shared between train and
12
+ test.
13
+
14
+ ![benchmark](benchmark.png)
15
+
16
+ ---
17
+
18
+ ## Why the v0.3 numbers are not comparable
19
+
20
+ v0.1 to v0.3 shipped with crossed hand slots: the `0-20` / `21-41` blocks were not consistently
21
+ the same hand, and the convention differed by signer (measured on the published v0.3 files: most
22
+ decidable clips crossed). A model trained on that learns "which slot holds the active hand" as a
23
+ signer cue, and a stranger whose slots go the other way is penalized for it. v0.4 fixes the
24
+ release at build time and this run fixes the frozen test segments with the same rule, per sample:
25
+ Signer A needed 10 of 1,961
26
+ segments swapped, Signer B 1210 of
27
+ 1,453. Fixing only the test side would be an exploit, not a correction;
28
+ both sides are fixed here.
29
+
30
+ So the effects are separated, all at 8 seeds:
31
+
32
+ | Training data | Signer A | Signer B |
33
+ |---|---|---|
34
+ | v0.3 as published (crossed slots, train and test) | 69% ± 5 | 58% ± 6 |
35
+ | v0.3 recordings, slots fixed (same 1,199 clips) | 76% ± 4 | 60% ± 4 |
36
+ | v0.3's six signers at 300 clips each (2,477 segments) | 77% ± 3 | 63% ± 9 |
37
+ | all eight signers, subsampled to the same 2,477 segments | 79% ± 4 | 64% ± 6 |
38
+ | **v0.4, eight signers, 2,400 clips (2,877 segments)** | **81% ± 1** | **69% ± 4** |
39
+
40
+ The first step is the correction alone (same clips). The second is more clips for the same six
41
+ signers. The third row holds the volume fixed and only changes the signer mix: at equal volume the difference is +2.3 points on Signer A and +1.4 on Signer B, within run-to-run spread (±4): this run does not separate diversity from volume.
42
+ The last row adds the remaining volume.
43
+
44
+ ---
45
+
46
+ ## Setup
47
+
48
+ | | |
49
+ |---|---|
50
+ | Model | small BiLSTM (1 layer, hidden 64, bidirectional, mean-pool → linear) |
51
+ | Input | keypoint sequences, hands + arms (48 pts, x/y), shoulder-normalized, resampled to 24 frames |
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+ | Task | sign classification on the **same 24 glosses** as v0.2 and v0.3 (vocabulary frozen) |
53
+ | Train | 2,877 gloss segments from the eight release signers (1,393 in v0.3) |
54
+ | Test | Signer A: 1,961 segments · Signer B: 1,453 segments (same as v0.2 / v0.3) |
55
+ | Chance | 4.2% (1 / 24) · **8 seeds** per configuration, mean ± std |
56
+ | Metrics | top-1 accuracy **and macro-F1** |
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+
58
+ ## Result 1 · More signers → better on a brand-new signer
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+
60
+ Tested on Signer A. Mean over signer combinations at each size: every single signer at k = 1, then
61
+ a seeded sample of combinations (C(8, k) reaches 70; the sample is an unbiased estimate of the
62
+ all-combinations mean reported in v0.2 and v0.3).
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+
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+ | # training signers | combinations | Accuracy | Macro-F1 |
65
+ |---|---|---|---|
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+ | 1 | 8 | 42% ± 15 | 0.28 |
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+ | 2 | 5 | 64% ± 12 | 0.52 |
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+ | 3 | 5 | 67% ± 6 | 0.57 |
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+ | 4 | 5 | 73% ± 8 | 0.65 |
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+ | 5 | 5 | 75% ± 7 | 0.67 |
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+ | 6 | 5 | 77% ± 4 | 0.69 |
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+ | 7 | 5 | 79% ± 5 | 0.71 |
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+ | 8 | 1 | 81% ± 1 | 0.74 |
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+
75
+ A signer the model *has* seen scores 83% (ceiling). At eight training signers the stranger
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+ gap is **1 point**. Second stranger, Signer B: 69%.
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+
78
+ The ± is the spread over seeds and combinations. At k = 8 there is a single combination, so its ±
79
+ is seed variance only: the narrowing toward k = 8 is partly a counting effect, not only a
80
+ stabilization of the model.
81
+
82
+ ## Result 2 · More data → still rising, more slowly
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+
84
+ Same held-out signer; training set grown by a clean random fraction of the v0.4 pool:
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+
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+ | Training examples | 80 | 160 | 260 | 380 | 520 | 680 | 858 | 1,044 | 1,393 | 2,157 | 2,877 |
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+ |---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
88
+ | Accuracy | 42% | 61% | 56% | 70% | 70% | 73% | 72% | 75% | 76% | 77% | 80% |
89
+
90
+ ---
91
+
92
+ ## Caveats
93
+
94
+ - 24-gloss shared subset, frozen from v0.2 for comparability. It is a measurement instrument,
95
+ not a ceiling on what the release covers (1,501 unique glosses in v0.4).
96
+ - **Dominant hand is not normalized.** Hand slots are fixed to the left / right of the body, they do
97
+ not swap dominant and non-dominant hands. Alone, signers range from 14% (ALPHA) to
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+ 62% (CHARLIE) on Signer A. The low end is ALPHA, whose dominant hand is on the opposite side
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+ of the frame from Signer A's (it was already the low end in v0.3), not the own-register signers.
100
+ Signer B is in the opposite case to Signer A, which is consistent with its lower score. Mirroring
101
+ left-dominant signers is a modelling choice left to the user.
102
+ - FOXTROT, GOLF, HOTEL cover fewer than the 24 test glosses (FOXTROT 18, GOLF 15, HOTEL 18):
103
+ their prompt sets are other registers (declarative sentences).
104
+ - The full-pool point of the data curve (80%) and the headline v0.4 number (81%)
105
+ train on the same segments in a different order (the curve shuffles before slicing); the gap is
106
+ run-to-run noise, not a different setting.
107
+ - Measures generalization across signer **bodies**, not across topics.
108
+ - Small BiLSTM by design; the 1-signer vs many-signer gap is a data property.
109
+ - 26 Signer A
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+ and 8 Signer B
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+ test segments had too little hand evidence to decide their slots and are left as extracted.
README.md ADDED
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+ ---
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+ license: cc-by-nc-sa-4.0
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+ language:
4
+ - ase
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+ - en
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+ tags:
7
+ - sign-language
8
+ - asl
9
+ - american-sign-language
10
+ - keypoints
11
+ - mediapipe
12
+ - pose-estimation
13
+ - multimodal
14
+ - accessibility
15
+ - deaf
16
+ - benchmark
17
+ pretty_name: "CLERC Épée v0.4 - Sign Language Data Layer"
18
+ size_categories:
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+ - 1K<n<10K
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+ task_categories:
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+ - feature-extraction
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+ - translation
23
+ - token-classification
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+ ---
25
+
26
+ # CLERC Épée v0.4
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+
28
+ **The first AI-grade sign language data layer.**
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+
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+ ![clips](https://img.shields.io/badge/clips-2,400-10b981) ![duration](https://img.shields.io/badge/signed_duration-179.93_min-10b981) ![signers](https://img.shields.io/badge/Deaf_signers-8-10b981) ![phrases](https://img.shields.io/badge/parallel_grid-302_phrases_×_5_signers-0ea5e9) ![keypoints](https://img.shields.io/badge/keypoints-128_per_frame-0ea5e9) ![license](https://img.shields.io/badge/license-CC_BY--NC--SA_4.0-64748b)
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+
32
+ > **CLERC** builds the data infrastructure layer for sign language in multimodal AI.
33
+ > 🌐 [clerc.io](https://clerc.io) · 💻 [Toolkit on GitHub](https://github.com/melouxflorian-jpg/epee-asl-toolkit) · ✉️ [florian@clerc.io](mailto:florian@clerc.io)
34
+ > Commercial licensing and full corpus access on request.
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+
36
+ The corpus is built around one idea: **the same phrase, signed by several Deaf signers, in a controlled recording protocol.** This is what that looks like, straight from the release keypoints:
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+
38
+ ![One phrase, five signers](assets/hero_parallel.gif)
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+
40
+ Every clip in the parallel grid has this property. Inter-signer variation - style, rhythm, signing space, handshape choices - stops being noise you fight and becomes the thing you can measure.
41
+
42
+ **v0.4 doubles the corpus to 2,400 clips and the signer pool from 6 to 8**, widens the parallel grid from 201 to 302 phrases, adds two new signers on their own registers, and **fixes the hand slots of every earlier release** (see [the correction note](#correction-note-hand-slots)).
43
+
44
+ > CLERC builds the data layer underneath sign language AI - not a translation tool, not an accessibility app. Infrastructure.
45
+
46
+ ## Quick start
47
+
48
+ ```python
49
+ import json, numpy as np, pandas as pd
50
+ from pathlib import Path
51
+ from huggingface_hub import snapshot_download
52
+
53
+ ROOT = Path(snapshot_download(repo_id="CLERC-DATA/epee", repo_type="dataset"))
54
+ meta = pd.read_csv(ROOT / "metadata.csv")
55
+
56
+ # five renderings of the same phrase, ready to compare
57
+ grid = meta[meta.parallel == "yes"]
58
+ phrase = grid[grid.phrase_id == 2]
59
+ clips = {r.signer_id: np.load(ROOT / "keypoints" / f"{r.clip_id}.npy")
60
+ for r in phrase.itertuples()} # each (n_frames, 128, 3)
61
+ ```
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+
63
+ Or in five minutes with the open Python toolkit: [`epee-asl-toolkit`](https://github.com/melouxflorian-jpg/epee-asl-toolkit) - loaders, keypoint visualization, inter-signer variability analysis.
64
+
65
+ ---
66
+
67
+ ## Dataset Summary
68
+
69
+ - **2,400 ASL clips, 179.93 minutes of continuous signing** - 8 Deaf signers, 300 clips each
70
+ - **Parallel grid** - 302 phrases signed by 5 of the 8 signers (1,500 clips), for direct inter-signer variability analysis
71
+ - **Three more registers** - FOXTROT, GOLF and HOTEL each contribute 300 sentences from their own prompt sets, disjoint from the grid and from each other, so the corpus is not only short conversational phrases
72
+ - **Hand slots verified per clip** - `0-20` is the hand at the signer's left wrist, `21-41` at the right wrist, checked against the pose on every clip of the built release
73
+ - **Explicit phrase alignment** - a `phrase_id` column pairs renderings of the same phrase across signers, no id arithmetic required
74
+ - **Multimodal keypoints** - hands, body, eyes, mouth, head silhouette (MediaPipe-extracted)
75
+ - **Linguistically validated** - ASL gloss annotations with temporal segmentation
76
+
77
+ > **This release ships extracted keypoints and annotations only - no raw video.** Source clips remain proprietary; access is reserved for commercial licensing (contact **florian@clerc.io**).
78
+
79
+ This is **v0.4**, a pilot release representing a portion of the full CLERC catalog. Full corpus access available via commercial license.
80
+
81
+ ---
82
+
83
+ ## Benchmark - why multi-signer data matters
84
+
85
+ A small BiLSTM trained on the release signers and tested on signers held **entirely outside** the
86
+ training set shows the core result: **one signer does not generalize to a stranger, more signers do.**
87
+
88
+ ![benchmark](benchmark.png)
89
+
90
+ - Train on 1 → … → 8 signers, tested on a brand-new signer: **42% → 64% → 67% → 73% → 75% → 77% → 79% → 81%** accuracy (macro-F1 0.28 → 0.74).
91
+ - More data still lifts it: **42% → 80%** as training examples grow (2,877 segments in the v0.4 pool, 1,393 in v0.3).
92
+ - Second stranger, same protocol: **69%** on the full v0.4 pool.
93
+ - Tested on two signers with **no clips in this release**, same 24-gloss subset, same test segments and same 8 seeds as the v0.2 and v0.3 measurements.
94
+
95
+ **These numbers are not comparable to the v0.3 card as published**, because v0.3 was trained and
96
+ tested with crossed hand slots. To keep the comparison honest the run separates the two effects on
97
+ the stranger signer: the v0.3 recordings scored **69%** as published, **76%**
98
+ once their hand slots are fixed (correction alone, same clips), and the full v0.4 pool reaches
99
+ **81%**.
100
+
101
+ Full method, numbers, and honest caveats: **[BENCHMARK.md](BENCHMARK.md)**.
102
+
103
+ ---
104
+
105
+ ## Dataset Statistics
106
+
107
+ | Metric | Value |
108
+ |---|---|
109
+ | Total clips | 2,400 (300 per signer) |
110
+ | Signers | 8 (ALPHA, BRAVO, CHARLIE, DELTA, ECHO, FOXTROT, GOLF, HOTEL) |
111
+ | Parallel grid | 1,500 clips over 302 phrases (5 signers) |
112
+ | Own registers | 900 clips, 900 phrases (FOXTROT, GOLF, HOTEL, 300 each, disjoint prompt sets) |
113
+ | Unique phrases | 1,202 |
114
+ | Total frames | 323,872 |
115
+ | Mean clip length | 135 frames (≈ 4.5 s @ 30 fps) |
116
+ | Total signed duration | 179.93 min |
117
+ | Gloss tokens | 10,441 |
118
+ | Unique glosses | 1,501 |
119
+ | Mean segments per clip | 4.35 |
120
+ | MediaPipe head-silhouette detection | 99.98% of frames |
121
+ | Hand slots verified against the pose | 99.8% of clips (5 undecidable, flagged) |
122
+ | Frame rate | 29.9 – 30.1 fps |
123
+ | Coordinate space | MediaPipe image-normalized (signer perspective) |
124
+
125
+ **Top 10 glosses** (cumulative coverage of corpus):
126
+
127
+ | # | Gloss | Tokens | % of corpus |
128
+ |---|---|---|---|
129
+ | 1 | YOU | 629 | 6.0% |
130
+ | 2 | QUESTION | 576 | 5.5% |
131
+ | 3 | YOUR | 386 | 3.7% |
132
+ | 4 | I | 275 | 2.6% |
133
+ | 5 | WHAT | 263 | 2.5% |
134
+ | 6 | MY | 193 | 1.8% |
135
+ | 7 | HAVE | 124 | 1.2% |
136
+ | 8 | TIME | 115 | 1.1% |
137
+ | 9 | NAME | 112 | 1.1% |
138
+ | 10 | WHERE | 106 | 1.0% |
139
+
140
+ ---
141
+
142
+ ## Languages
143
+
144
+ - American Sign Language (ASL) - ISO 639-3: `ase`
145
+ - Written translations in English
146
+
147
+ ---
148
+
149
+ ## Dataset Structure
150
+
151
+ ```
152
+ epee/
153
+ ├── keypoints/ # 2,400 .npy arrays, shape (n_frames, 128, 3)
154
+ ├── annotations/ # 2,400 .json files
155
+ └── metadata.csv # master index (1 row per clip)
156
+ ```
157
+
158
+ ### Keypoint layout (128 landmarks per frame)
159
+
160
+ | Indices | Region | Source | Notes |
161
+ |---------|--------|--------|-------|
162
+ | 0–20 | Left hand (21 points) | MediaPipe Hands | hand at the signer's left wrist (Pose 15), verified per clip |
163
+ | 21–41 | Right hand (21 points) | MediaPipe Hands | hand at the signer's right wrist (Pose 16), verified per clip |
164
+ | 42–53 | Upper body (12 points) | MediaPipe Pose [11:23] | shoulders, elbows, wrists, finger anchors |
165
+ | 54–63 | Lower body (10 points) | MediaPipe Pose [23:33] | hips, knees, ankles, heels, feet - spatial context, optional |
166
+ | 64–91 | Eyes + mouth only (28 points) | MediaPipe Face | privacy-preserving subset |
167
+ | 92–127 | Head silhouette (36 points) | MediaPipe FaceMesh `FACE_OVAL` | forehead, jaw, ears - outline only, no internal features |
168
+
169
+ The 36 head-silhouette landmarks come from MediaPipe FaceMesh `FACE_OVAL` indices `10, 338, 297, 332, 284, 251, 389, 356, 454, 323, 361, 288, 397, 365, 379, 378, 400, 377, 152, 148, 176, 149, 150, 136, 172, 58, 132, 93, 234, 127, 162, 21, 54, 103, 67, 109` (in that traversal order). The points form a closed polygon outlining the head - no internal facial features are included, so the privacy stance is preserved.
170
+
171
+ ### Coordinate space
172
+
173
+ Coordinates are MediaPipe's **image-normalized space**, NOT clipped to `[0, 1]`:
174
+
175
+ - **x** is in `[0, 1]` (frame width); a landmark extrapolated just off-frame can fall slightly outside `[0, 1]`
176
+ - **y** is in `[0, 1]` for points visible in frame, but can exceed `1.0` for body landmarks extrapolated below the visible frame
177
+ - **z** is depth relative to the hips, roughly in MediaPipe Pose's world-scale units
178
+
179
+ Source clips are framed waist-up. Lower-body landmarks (dataset indices **54–63**) come from MediaPipe Pose's full-body prediction. For hand/face-only SLR pipelines, they can be dropped:
180
+
181
+ ```python
182
+ kp_slr = np.concatenate([kp[:, :54], kp[:, 64:]], axis=1) # → (n_frames, 118, 3)
183
+ ```
184
+
185
+ Zero values `(0, 0, 0)` indicate a landmark was not detected for that frame (e.g. an off-screen hand).
186
+
187
+ ### Correction note: hand slots
188
+
189
+ **v0.1, v0.2 and v0.3 shipped with crossed hand slots.** In those releases the `0-20` / `21-41`
190
+ blocks were not consistently the same hand: measured on the published v0.3 files, **61.7%
191
+ of the clips whose convention can be decided had the two hands swapped**, and the rate differed by
192
+ signer. The swap correction existed in the build but a bug kept it from firing, and nothing checked
193
+ the built files.
194
+
195
+ In v0.4 every clip is re-anchored at build time (hand root compared to the Pose wrists, majority over
196
+ all frames where a hand is visible), and the **built files are re-checked independently** before
197
+ release: 0 crossed out of 2,395 decidable clips (0.00%). The `hand_slots` column says `verified` for every clip whose convention
198
+ was decided, `unverified` for the 5 clips with too little hand evidence to decide;
199
+ those are left as extracted.
200
+
201
+ If you trained on v0.1 to v0.3, re-download: a model that learned on mixed slots learns signer
202
+ identity as a shortcut and under-performs on new signers. Earlier versions stay reachable under their
203
+ tags for reproducibility, with the defect.
204
+
205
+ ### Gloss conventions
206
+
207
+ Glosses (uppercase ASL labels) follow a few conventions worth knowing before training:
208
+
209
+ **Base gloss** - `WHAT`, `YOU`, `BATHROOM`. The standard form of a sign.
210
+
211
+ **Variants - `BASE_N`** (e.g. `SIGN_2`, `WHAT_3`). Alternative ways to sign the same English concept (different handshape, location, or movement). The number `N` is an internal disambiguator, not an intensity marker. Treat `WHAT`, `WHAT_2`, `WHAT_3` as siblings sharing the same English target.
212
+
213
+ **Directional / movement suffixes** - `POINTER_RIGHT`, `GO_LEFT`, `HOW_RIGHT_MOVE`. These mark spatial/movement components inherent to the sign and should not be collapsed with their base form.
214
+
215
+ **Phrase repetitions** - Some clips contain the target phrase signed more than once (emphasis, demonstration, self-correction). Each occurrence is a separate gloss segment. This is natural signer behavior, not a labeling error.
216
+
217
+ **Recommended preprocessing**
218
+
219
+ ```python
220
+ import re
221
+ def base_gloss(g):
222
+ return re.sub(r"_\d+$", "", g) # SIGN_2 → SIGN
223
+
224
+ from collections import Counter
225
+ def has_repeat(segments):
226
+ return any(c >= 2 for c in Counter(s["gloss"] for s in segments).values())
227
+ ```
228
+
229
+ ### Annotation schema (per clip)
230
+
231
+ ```json
232
+ {
233
+ "clip_id": "clerc_v04_0001",
234
+ "signer_id": "ALPHA",
235
+ "sign_language": "ASL",
236
+ "text_en": "What's up?",
237
+ "fps": 30.0,
238
+ "n_frames": 139,
239
+ "phrase_id": 1,
240
+ "parallel": true,
241
+ "hand_slots": "verified",
242
+ "segments": [
243
+ { "gloss": "WHAT'S UP", "start": 0.9, "end": 1.4 },
244
+ { "gloss": "QUESTION", "start": 2.0, "end": 2.8 }
245
+ ]
246
+ }
247
+ ```
248
+
249
+ `phrase_id` identifies the phrase, not the clip: two clips sharing a `phrase_id`
250
+ are two signers' renderings of the same phrase, and their `text_en` strings are
251
+ identical by construction. `parallel` is `true` for the 5-signer grid and
252
+ `false` for the three own-register signers: FOXTROT (`phrase_id` 1001-1300), GOLF (2001-2300) and
253
+ HOTEL (3001-3300). `hand_slots` is `verified` or `unverified` (see the correction note).
254
+
255
+ ### metadata.csv columns
256
+
257
+ | Column | Meaning |
258
+ |---|---|
259
+ | `clip_id` | `clerc_v04_0001` … `clerc_v04_2400` |
260
+ | `signer_id` | pseudonym, ALPHA … HOTEL |
261
+ | `phrase_id` | phrase identity, shared across signers (see above) |
262
+ | `parallel` | `yes` inside the 5-signer grid, `no` for FOXTROT, GOLF, HOTEL |
263
+ | `text_en` | English phrase, identical for a given `phrase_id` |
264
+ | `fps`, `n_frames` | clip timing |
265
+ | `oval_detection` | fraction of frames where the head silhouette was found |
266
+ | `hand_slots` | `verified` if the hand-slot convention was checked against the pose, else `unverified` |
267
+ | `gloss_sequence` | ` \| `-joined glosses, in order |
268
+
269
+ ---
270
+
271
+ ## Signers
272
+
273
+ | signer_id | Gender | Age range | Language acquisition | Clips | Grid |
274
+ |-----------|--------|-----------|---------------------|-------|------|
275
+ | ALPHA | F | 30–40 | Native Deaf signer (ASL L1) | clerc_v04_0001 → 0300 | parallel |
276
+ | BRAVO | M | 30–40 | Native Deaf signer (ASL L1) | clerc_v04_0301 → 0600 | parallel |
277
+ | CHARLIE | M | 30–40 | Native Deaf signer (ASL L1) | clerc_v04_0601 → 0900 | parallel |
278
+ | DELTA | F | 30–40 | Native Deaf signer (ASL L1) | clerc_v04_0901 → 1200 | parallel |
279
+ | ECHO | F | 18–24 | Native Deaf signer (ASL L1) | clerc_v04_1201 → 1500 | parallel |
280
+ | FOXTROT | M | 35–45 | Native Deaf signer (ASL L1) | clerc_v04_1501 → 1800 | own set |
281
+ | GOLF | M | 18–24 | Deaf signer, fluent ASL (L2) | clerc_v04_1801 → 2100 | own set |
282
+ | HOTEL | F | 30–40 | Native Deaf signer (ASL L1) | clerc_v04_2101 → 2400 | own set |
283
+
284
+ **Demographic distribution:** 4 female / 4 male, aged 18–45. Signer identities are pseudonymized. ALPHA–FOXTROT are the same six signers as v0.3, under the same pseudonyms and with their v0.3 recordings kept for every phrase already published.
285
+
286
+ Signers participated under written informed consent. The signing space, framing, lighting, and recording protocol were standardized across signers.
287
+
288
+ **Parallel structure:** five signers (ALPHA–ECHO) cover a grid of 302 phrases. Pair renderings through the `phrase_id` column rather than by arithmetic on `clip_id`: 5 signers on 298 phrases, 4 signers on 2 phrases, 1 signer on 2 phrases. The phrases at four signers are ECHO's gaps (one v0.2 phrase she did not record, one rendering withdrawn for privacy in v0.4); the phrases at one signer are extras recorded by ECHO alone to bring her block to 300.
289
+
290
+ **FOXTROT, GOLF and HOTEL are deliberately not parallel.** Each was recorded on a prompt set of full declarative sentences rather than the short conversational phrases and number expressions of the grid, and the three sets do not overlap. Aligning them would have meant dropping them. They are included as own registers, 300 phrases each, unique to that signer. Filter on `parallel == "no"` to isolate them, or on `parallel == "yes"` for strictly comparable inter-signer work.
291
+
292
+ **Stylistic note:** Phrase repetition rates vary by signer - natural inter-signer stylistic variation, annotated as separate gloss segments. See gloss conventions for filtering.
293
+
294
+ ---
295
+
296
+ ## Intended Use
297
+
298
+ ### Designed for
299
+ - Inter-signer variability analysis (style, rhythm, signing space)
300
+ - Research on sign language linguistics, gesture recognition, multimodal AI
301
+ - Educational use in academic settings
302
+ - Prototyping sign language recognition (SLR) pipelines on a parallel multi-signer corpus
303
+
304
+ ### Not designed for
305
+ - Speaker identification or biometric applications
306
+ - Surveillance or evaluation of individual signers
307
+
308
+ For production-grade systems or sign language generation models trained at scale, see commercial licensing for access to the full multi-signer corpus.
309
+
310
+ ---
311
+
312
+ ## Loading the Dataset
313
+
314
+ This release ships as plain `.npy` + `.json` files for transparency and zero-dependency loading.
315
+
316
+ ```python
317
+ import json
318
+ import numpy as np
319
+ import pandas as pd
320
+ from pathlib import Path
321
+ from huggingface_hub import snapshot_download
322
+
323
+ ROOT = Path(snapshot_download(repo_id="CLERC-DATA/epee", repo_type="dataset"))
324
+
325
+ metadata = pd.read_csv(ROOT / "metadata.csv")
326
+
327
+ clip_id = "clerc_v04_0001"
328
+ with open(ROOT / "annotations" / f"{clip_id}.json") as f:
329
+ annotation = json.load(f)
330
+ keypoints = np.load(ROOT / "keypoints" / f"{clip_id}.npy")
331
+
332
+ hands = keypoints[:, :42]
333
+ upper_body = keypoints[:, 42:54]
334
+ face_inner = keypoints[:, 64:92]
335
+ head_oval = keypoints[:, 92:128]
336
+ ```
337
+
338
+ **Comparing signers on the same phrase** - group by `phrase_id` inside the parallel grid:
339
+
340
+ ```python
341
+ grid = metadata[metadata.parallel == "yes"]
342
+ for phrase_id, group in grid.groupby("phrase_id"):
343
+ # one row per signer, same text_en, directly comparable
344
+ print(phrase_id, group.text_en.iloc[0], list(group.signer_id))
345
+ ```
346
+
347
+ ---
348
+
349
+ ## License
350
+
351
+ **CC BY-NC-SA 4.0** - [creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/)
352
+
353
+ **Commercial licensing:** for enterprise use, training of commercial models, or integration into commercial products, contact **florian@clerc.io**.
354
+
355
+ ---
356
+
357
+ ## Ethical Considerations
358
+
359
+ CLERC is Deaf-led infrastructure. This release adheres to:
360
+
361
+ - **Informed consent** - all signers have provided written consent for public release under this license
362
+ - **Privacy protection** - no video, no pixels; face landmarks restricted to non-identifying features (eyes + mouth + head outline), no face mesh, no blendshapes
363
+ - **Community benefit** - released to advance sign language technology research; commercial revenue supports continued Deaf-led data infrastructure
364
+ - **No surveillance use** - must not be used for individual identification, behavioral profiling, or signer surveillance
365
+
366
+ ### Skeletons are body data
367
+
368
+ Removing the video removes the face, not the body. Body proportions in keypoint
369
+ data act as a **soft biometric**: on this release, a plain logistic regression
370
+ separates the six v0.3 signers with **94% accuracy from nine limb-ratio features
371
+ alone** (chance is 17%), using no hand and no face landmarks at all. We measured
372
+ this rather than assume it, and we state it rather than let "anonymized
373
+ skeletons" imply more than it delivers.
374
+
375
+ What this means for you as a user of this data:
376
+
377
+ - Pseudonymization here protects **names, not bodies**. `ALPHA` is a stable
378
+ identity across clips and across CLERC releases, by design, because parallel
379
+ analysis requires it.
380
+ - Linking these skeletons to any other recording of the same person, in this
381
+ dataset or outside it, is **identification**, and it is prohibited under the
382
+ no-surveillance term above regardless of technical feasibility.
383
+ - If you redistribute derivatives under the share-alike term, this property
384
+ travels with them. Carry this note forward.
385
+
386
+ We are a Deaf-led organization publishing data about Deaf bodies. Naming this
387
+ limitation is part of the job, not an admission against interest.
388
+
389
+ ---
390
+
391
+ ## Limitations
392
+
393
+ - **Pilot release** - 2,400 clips is a baseline pilot, not a production-scale corpus
394
+ - **8 signers** - limited inter-signer diversity; full catalog includes a broader signer pool
395
+ - **Three signers outside the grid** - FOXTROT, GOLF and HOTEL are not phrase-matched to the others, so strictly parallel analyses run on 1,500 clips, not 2,400
396
+ - **A few clips with unverified hand slots** - 5 clips had too little hand evidence to check, see `hand_slots`
397
+ - **Uneven grid coverage** - 5 signers on 298 phrases, 4 signers on 2 phrases, 1 signer on 2 phrases inside the grid
398
+ - **Phrase domain** - conversational phrases, number expressions, and (FOXTROT, GOLF, HOTEL) general declarative sentences; not domain-specific (medical, legal, technical)
399
+ - **Reduced face landmarks** - full facial grammar (brow, cheeks, head tilt) not included
400
+ - **Gloss only** - no morphological, prosodic, or spatial annotation layers in v0.4
401
+ - **Skeletons are a soft biometric** - signer identity is recoverable from body proportions (see Ethical Considerations); treat pseudonyms as stable identities, not as anonymity
402
+
403
+ ---
404
+
405
+ ## Versioning & Roadmap
406
+
407
+ | Version | Status | Content |
408
+ |---------|--------|---------|
409
+ | v0.1 | Superseded | 300 clips, 3 signers, gloss + timing |
410
+ | v0.2 | Superseded | 600 clips, 4 signers (ALPHA–DELTA), 150 parallel phrases |
411
+ | v0.3 | Superseded | 1,200 clips, 6 signers (ALPHA–FOXTROT), 201-phrase grid + a second register (crossed hand slots) |
412
+ | **v0.4** | ✅ Current | 2,400 clips, 8 signers (ALPHA–HOTEL), 302-phrase grid + three own registers, hand slots fixed |
413
+ | v1.0 | Planned 2027 | Multi-layer annotations, broader corpus |
414
+
415
+ Superseded versions stay reachable as git tags on this repo (`v0.1`, `v0.2`, `v0.3`), so
416
+ earlier clip ids remain resolvable for anyone who cited them:
417
+
418
+ ```python
419
+ snapshot_download(repo_id="CLERC-DATA/epee", repo_type="dataset", revision="v0.3")
420
+ ```
421
+
422
+ ---
423
+
424
+ ## How to Cite
425
+
426
+ ```bibtex
427
+ @dataset{clerc_epee_v04_2026,
428
+ author = {M{\'e}loux, Florian and {CLERC}},
429
+ title = {{CLERC} {\'E}p{\'e}e v0.4: Sign Language Data Layer},
430
+ year = {2026},
431
+ publisher = {Hugging Face},
432
+ version = {0.4},
433
+ doi = {10.5281/zenodo.23587708},
434
+ url = {https://huggingface.co/datasets/CLERC-DATA/epee}
435
+ }
436
+ ```
437
+
438
+ ---
439
+
440
+ ## About CLERC
441
+
442
+ CLERC builds the data infrastructure that lets AI understand sign language as a first-class language - not an accessibility afterthought.
443
+
444
+ > Sign language is not to be translated. It is to be inscribed.
445
+
446
+ **Website:** [clerc.io](https://clerc.io) · **Contact:** florian@clerc.io · **LinkedIn:** [clerc-io](https://linkedin.com/company/clerc-io)
447
+
448
+ ---
449
+
450
+ ## Changelog
451
+
452
+ **v0.4 - October 2026**
453
+ - **Hand-slot correction.** v0.1 to v0.3 shipped with crossed hand slots (61.7% of decidable v0.3 clips). Every clip is now re-anchored to the Pose wrists and the built files are re-checked before release. New `hand_slots` column. See the correction note
454
+ - Signer pool 6 → 8: added GOLF and HOTEL, each on an own prompt set. Corpus 1,200 → 2,400 clips, 300 per signer
455
+ - Parallel grid widened 201 → 302 phrases across 5 signers. Phrase 201, ECHO-only in v0.3, is now signed by all five. 5 signers on 298 phrases, 4 signers on 2 phrases, 1 signer on 2 phrases
456
+ - FOXTROT 200 → 300 clips on his own register (`phrase_id` 1001-1300)
457
+ - Every v0.3 recording is kept for its phrase except one, withdrawn for privacy (a fill-in prompt answered with personal information); clips renumbered `clerc_v04_0001`–`clerc_v04_2400`, v0.3 ids stay resolvable under tag `v0.3`
458
+ - Benchmark re-run 1 → 8 signers with hand slots fixed in train and test; the effect of the correction alone is reported separately
459
+ - No clip and no new phrase of the sequestered Épée 200 exam is published
460
+
461
+ **v0.3 - August 2026**
462
+ - Signer pool 4 → 6: added ECHO and FOXTROT. Corpus 600 → 1,200 clips, 200 per signer
463
+ - Parallel grid widened 150 → 201 phrases across 5 signers. 5 signers on 199 phrases, 4 signers on 1 phrase, 1 signer on 1 phrase
464
+ - FOXTROT added as a second register: 200 declarative sentences on a prompt set disjoint from the grid, flagged `parallel = no`
465
+ - New `phrase_id` and `parallel` fields in `metadata.csv` and in each annotation, so cross-signer pairing no longer depends on clip-id arithmetic
466
+ - New `oval_detection` column reporting per-clip head-silhouette coverage
467
+ - Clips renumbered `clerc_v03_0001`–`clerc_v03_1200`; v0.2 ids stay resolvable under tag `v0.2`
468
+ - Head silhouette now extracted on a pose-guided head crop rather than the full frame. MediaPipe's face detector drops faces below roughly 8% of image width; on the clips where this happened the old path lost up to 21% of frames, the new one loses none. The 92 body/hand/face-subset keypoints are produced by the unchanged pipeline
469
+ - The four v0.2 signers keep their pseudonyms and their original recordings for the 150 phrases already published
470
+ - Signer-robustness benchmark re-run on the six v0.3 signers, same protocol, vocabulary and held-out signers as v0.2 - the two curves are directly comparable (v0.2 overlaid in the figure)
471
+ - Added a measured statement on skeletons as a soft biometric, replacing the v0.2 card's "full biometric data excluded" wording, which overstated what removing video achieves
472
+
473
+ **v0.2 - June 2026**
474
+ - Added 4th signer (DELTA) and expanded to 600 clips
475
+ - Restructured to 150 fully-parallel phrases × 4 signers (phrase-aligned clip blocks)
476
+ - Same 128 multimodal keypoints/frame and gloss schema as v0.1
477
+
478
+ **v0.1 - May 2026**
479
+ - Initial public release - 300 clips, 3 signers, parallel structure
annotations/clerc_v04_0001.json ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ {
2
+ "clip_id": "clerc_v04_0001",
3
+ "signer_id": "ALPHA",
4
+ "sign_language": "ASL",
5
+ "text_en": "What’s up?",
6
+ "fps": 30.0,
7
+ "n_frames": 111,
8
+ "segments": [
9
+ {
10
+ "gloss": "WHAT'S UP",
11
+ "start": 1.0,
12
+ "end": 2.1
13
+ }
14
+ ],
15
+ "phrase_id": 1,
16
+ "parallel": true,
17
+ "hand_slots": "verified"
18
+ }
annotations/clerc_v04_0002.json ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ {
2
+ "clip_id": "clerc_v04_0002",
3
+ "signer_id": "ALPHA",
4
+ "sign_language": "ASL",
5
+ "text_en": "Do you see?",
6
+ "fps": 30.0,
7
+ "n_frames": 158,
8
+ "segments": [
9
+ {
10
+ "gloss": "D-O",
11
+ "start": 0.8,
12
+ "end": 1.1
13
+ },
14
+ {
15
+ "gloss": "YOU",
16
+ "start": 1.3,
17
+ "end": 1.5
18
+ },
19
+ {
20
+ "gloss": "SEE",
21
+ "start": 1.9,
22
+ "end": 2.3
23
+ },
24
+ {
25
+ "gloss": "QUESTION",
26
+ "start": 2.6,
27
+ "end": 3.2
28
+ }
29
+ ],
30
+ "phrase_id": 2,
31
+ "parallel": true,
32
+ "hand_slots": "verified"
33
+ }
annotations/clerc_v04_0003.json ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ {
2
+ "clip_id": "clerc_v04_0003",
3
+ "signer_id": "ALPHA",
4
+ "sign_language": "ASL",
5
+ "text_en": "Are you tired?",
6
+ "fps": 30.0,
7
+ "n_frames": 114,
8
+ "segments": [
9
+ {
10
+ "gloss": "YOU",
11
+ "start": 0.7,
12
+ "end": 1.0
13
+ },
14
+ {
15
+ "gloss": "TIRED",
16
+ "start": 1.2,
17
+ "end": 1.9
18
+ },
19
+ {
20
+ "gloss": "QUESTION",
21
+ "start": 2.2,
22
+ "end": 2.7
23
+ }
24
+ ],
25
+ "phrase_id": 3,
26
+ "parallel": true,
27
+ "hand_slots": "verified"
28
+ }
annotations/clerc_v04_0004.json ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ {
2
+ "clip_id": "clerc_v04_0004",
3
+ "signer_id": "ALPHA",
4
+ "sign_language": "ASL",
5
+ "text_en": "Are you hungry?",
6
+ "fps": 30.0,
7
+ "n_frames": 124,
8
+ "segments": [
9
+ {
10
+ "gloss": "YOU",
11
+ "start": 0.5,
12
+ "end": 0.9
13
+ },
14
+ {
15
+ "gloss": "HUNGRY",
16
+ "start": 1.1,
17
+ "end": 1.5
18
+ },
19
+ {
20
+ "gloss": "QUESTION",
21
+ "start": 1.8,
22
+ "end": 2.3
23
+ }
24
+ ],
25
+ "phrase_id": 4,
26
+ "parallel": true,
27
+ "hand_slots": "verified"
28
+ }
annotations/clerc_v04_0005.json ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ {
2
+ "clip_id": "clerc_v04_0005",
3
+ "signer_id": "ALPHA",
4
+ "sign_language": "ASL",
5
+ "text_en": "Where do you live?",
6
+ "fps": 30.0,
7
+ "n_frames": 142,
8
+ "segments": [
9
+ {
10
+ "gloss": "WHERE",
11
+ "start": 0.4,
12
+ "end": 1.0
13
+ },
14
+ {
15
+ "gloss": "D-O",
16
+ "start": 1.3,
17
+ "end": 1.5
18
+ },
19
+ {
20
+ "gloss": "YOU",
21
+ "start": 1.7,
22
+ "end": 1.9
23
+ },
24
+ {
25
+ "gloss": "LIVE_2",
26
+ "start": 2.1,
27
+ "end": 2.6
28
+ },
29
+ {
30
+ "gloss": "QUESTION",
31
+ "start": 2.8,
32
+ "end": 3.5
33
+ }
34
+ ],
35
+ "phrase_id": 5,
36
+ "parallel": true,
37
+ "hand_slots": "verified"
38
+ }
annotations/clerc_v04_0006.json ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ {
2
+ "clip_id": "clerc_v04_0006",
3
+ "signer_id": "ALPHA",
4
+ "sign_language": "ASL",
5
+ "text_en": "Do you need to help?",
6
+ "fps": 30.0,
7
+ "n_frames": 164,
8
+ "segments": [
9
+ {
10
+ "gloss": "D-O",
11
+ "start": 0.7,
12
+ "end": 1.0
13
+ },
14
+ {
15
+ "gloss": "YOU",
16
+ "start": 1.1,
17
+ "end": 1.4
18
+ },
19
+ {
20
+ "gloss": "NEED",
21
+ "start": 1.5,
22
+ "end": 1.9
23
+ },
24
+ {
25
+ "gloss": "HELP",
26
+ "start": 2.1,
27
+ "end": 3.3
28
+ },
29
+ {
30
+ "gloss": "QUESTION",
31
+ "start": 3.5,
32
+ "end": 4.2
33
+ }
34
+ ],
35
+ "phrase_id": 6,
36
+ "parallel": true,
37
+ "hand_slots": "verified"
38
+ }
annotations/clerc_v04_0007.json ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ {
2
+ "clip_id": "clerc_v04_0007",
3
+ "signer_id": "ALPHA",
4
+ "sign_language": "ASL",
5
+ "text_en": "How old are you?",
6
+ "fps": 30.0,
7
+ "n_frames": 213,
8
+ "segments": [
9
+ {
10
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annotations/clerc_v04_0047.json ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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