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README.md
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language: [en]
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tags: [arithmetic, pretraining, sub-10M, ArithMark]
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---
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language: [en]
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tags: [arithmetic, pretraining, sub-10M, ArithMark]
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---
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# Arithmetic-XL
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## 12 Million Verified Arithmetic Examples for Language Model Pretraining
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> *"Arithmetic is one of those things that humans learn in primary
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> school but language models somehow manage to forget halfway through
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> training."*
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Arithmetic-XL is a **large-scale arithmetic pretraining dataset**
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containing **over 12 million procedurally generated and verified
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examples** designed to improve numerical reasoning in language models.
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The dataset was created with one objective:
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**Teach models how to think about arithmetic instead of simply
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memorizing answers.**
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Unlike many arithmetic datasets that focus only on direct
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question-answer pairs, Arithmetic-XL follows a layered curriculum that
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gradually introduces numerical concepts, multi-step computation,
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operator precedence, compositional reasoning, adversarial examples, and
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arithmetic embedded inside natural language.
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Whether you're training a **5M parameter TinyLM** or a **multi-billion
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parameter foundation model**, Arithmetic-XL provides a diverse
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collection of arithmetic examples suitable for **pretraining**,
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**continued pretraining**, and **specialized arithmetic fine-tuning**.
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------------------------------------------------------------------------
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# Why Another Arithmetic Dataset?
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While training language models, I kept running into the same frustrating
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problem.
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The model could explain surprisingly complicated topics...
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...and then confidently tell me that:
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> **17 × 8 = 121**
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That felt slightly concerning.
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I searched for arithmetic datasets that were:
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- Large
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- Diverse
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- Procedurally verified
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- Suitable for pretraining
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- Rich enough to teach actual arithmetic patterns rather than simple
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memorization
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I found some excellent datasets.
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I also found datasets that contained the same question written five
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hundred different ways.
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After enough searching, I reached the conclusion every developer
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eventually reaches:
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> "Fine... I'll build it myself."
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Several weeks, countless Python scripts, and far too many generated
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equations later...
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Arithmetic-XL was born.
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------------------------------------------------------------------------
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# What Makes Arithmetic-XL Different?
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Arithmetic-XL is **not** simply a collection of equations.
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It follows a structured curriculum inspired by how humans progressively
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learn arithmetic.
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Instead of immediately exposing the model to complicated expressions,
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the dataset gradually increases difficulty through multiple specialized
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layers.
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The goal is to help models build numerical intuition before introducing
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increasingly complex reasoning tasks.
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------------------------------------------------------------------------
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# Dataset Overview
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-----------------------------------------------------------------------
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Property Value
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----------------------------------- -----------------------------------
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**Dataset Name** Arithmetic-XL
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**Total Examples** **12,000,000+**
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**Generation Method** Hybrid Procedural + LLM Assisted
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**Verification** Computationally Verified
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**Primary Language** English
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**Domain** Arithmetic Reasoning
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**Recommended Usage** Pretraining / Continued Pretraining
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/ Fine-tuning
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**License** MIT
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-----------------------------------------------------------------------
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